Possession factor. Users must have something specific in their possession in order to log in, such as a badge, token, key fob or phone subscriber identity module (SIM) card. For mobile authentication, a smartphone often provides the possession factor in conjunction with an OTP app.
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The Credentials Manager simplifies local password management within SecureCRT and SecureFX. Rather than specifying credentials for each saved session, sessions can reference an entry in the local Credentials Manager, making it easier to update stored passwords. SecureFX supports password, public key, Kerberos v5 (via GSSAPI), and keyboard interactive authentication methods. Public key support includes RSA, Ed25519, ECDSA (RFC 5656), DSA, PuTTY PPK, OpenSSH certificates, and X.509 including smart cards (PIV/CAC).
Implement smart cards for highly secure, two-factor authentication. SecureFX supports X.509 smart cards (PIV/CAC) with the ability to select a specific certificate to be used for public-key authentication.
TA2 CharacterWhile the character TA2 is not transmitted in the basic EMV ATR response for either the T=0 or T=1 protocols, it is defined in the ISO 7816 specifications. The presence or absence of TA2 determines whether the smart card will operate in specific mode or negotiable mode, respectively, following the ATR. The absence of TA2 indicates that the negotiable mode of operation will be used.
TB2 CharacterWhile the character TB2 is not transmitted in the basic EMV ATR response for either the T=0 or T=1 protocols, it is defined in the ISO 7816 specifications. The character TB2 conveys PI2, which determines the value of programming voltage required by the smart card. The value of PI1 in character TB1 is superceded when the character TB2 is present.
TC2 CharacterWhile the character TC2 is not transmitted in the basic EMV ATR response for either the T=0 or T=1 protocols, it is defined in the ISO 7816 specifications. When present, TC2 is specific to protocol type T=0. TC2 conveys the work waiting-time integer (WI) that determines the maximum interval between the leading edge of the start bit of any character sent by the smart card and the leading edge of the start bit of the previous character sent either by the card or the terminal. The value of the work waiting time is given as:
TA3 CharacterThe TA3 character conveys the Information Field Size Integer (IFSI) for the smart card. IFSI determines the Information Field Size for the smart card which is the maximum length of the Information Field (INF) of blocks that can be received by the card. The Field Size can be any value between 0x01 and 0xFE. Values of 0x0 and 0xFF are reserved for future use. In the basic ATR and using the T=1 protocol, TA3 will have a value in the range of 0x10 to 0xFE, thus indicating an IFSC in the range of 16 to 254 bytes. For an ATR not containing TA3, the terminal will assume a default value of 0x20.
The BIOSID PRO is a biometric enrollment, validation (AFIS) and verification tablet with the capability to store and verify the enrollee information on a smart card, on the cloud, or through the device regardless of if it is connected to
This is the smartcard driver for the new SCM SCR331-DI Smart Card reader. The previous version of the smartcard driver for the old SCM SCR331-DI Smart Card reader cannot co-exist with the new version. The old version must be deleted before the new version can be installed. Refer to the smartcard manual for installation instructions to install the smartcard driver.
A smart card, chip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC or IC card) is a physical electronic authentication device, used to control access to a resource. It is typically a plastic credit card-sized card with an embedded integrated circuit (IC) chip.[1] Many smart cards include a pattern of metal contacts to electrically connect to the internal chip. Others are contactless, and some are both. Smart cards can provide personal identification, authentication, data storage, and application processing.[2] Applications include identification, financial, mobile phones (SIM), public transit, computer security, schools, and healthcare. Smart cards may provide strong security authentication for single sign-on (SSO) within organizations. Numerous nations have deployed smart cards throughout their populations.
The universal integrated circuit card, or SIM card, is also a type of smart card. As of 2015[update], 10.5 billion smart card IC chips are manufactured annually, including 5.44 billion SIM card IC chips.[3]
The basis for the smart card is the silicon integrated circuit (IC) chip.[4] It was invented by Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1959. The invention of the silicon integrated circuit led to the idea of incorporating it onto a plastic card in the late 1960s.[4]
Independently, Kunitaka Arimura of the Arimura Technology Institute in Japan developed a similar idea of incorporating an integrated circuit onto a plastic card, and filed a smart card patent in March 1970.[4][10] The following year, Paul Castrucci of IBM filed an American patent titled "Information Card" in May 1971.[10]
In 1974 Roland Moreno patented a secured memory card later dubbed the "smart card".[11][12] In 1976, Jürgen Dethloff introduced the known element (called "the secret") to identify gate user as of USP 4105156.[13]
In 1977, Michel Ugon from Honeywell Bull invented the first microprocessor smart card with two chips: one microprocessor and one memory, and in 1978, he patented the self-programmable one-chip microcomputer (SPOM) that defines the necessary architecture to program the chip. Three years later, Motorola used this patent in its "CP8". At that time, Bull had 1,200 patents related to smart cards. In 2001, Bull sold its CP8 division together with its patents to Schlumberger, who subsequently combined its own internal smart card department and CP8 to create Axalto. In 2006, Axalto and Gemplus, at the time the world's top two smart-card manufacturers, merged and became Gemalto. In 2008, Dexa Systems spun off from Schlumberger and acquired Enterprise Security Services business, which included the smart-card solutions division responsible for deploying the first large-scale smart-card management systems based on public key infrastructure (PKI).
Since the 1990s, smart cards have been the subscriber identity modules (SIMs) used in GSM mobile-phone equipment. Mobile phones are widely used across the world, so smart cards have become very common.
Historically, in 1993 several international payment companies agreed to develop smart-card specifications for debit and credit cards. The original brands were MasterCard, Visa, and Europay. The first version of the EMV system was released in 1994. In 1998 the specifications became stable.
EMV compliant cards were first accepted into Malaysia in 2005[17] and later into United States in 2014. MasterCard was the first company that was allowed to use the technology in the United States. The United States has felt pushed to use the technology because of the increase in identity theft. The credit card information stolen from Target in late 2013 was one of the largest indicators that American credit card information is not safe. Target made the decision on 30 April 2014 that it would try to implement the smart chip technology to protect itself from future credit card identity theft.
Before 2014, the consensus in America was that there were enough security measures to avoid credit card theft and that the smart chip was not necessary. The cost of the smart chip technology was significant, which was why most of the corporations did not want to pay for it in the United States. The debate finally ended when Target sent out a notice[18] stating unauthorized access to magnetic strips[19] costing Target over 300 million dollars along with the increasing cost of online credit theft was enough for the United States to invest in the technology. The adaptation of EMV's increased significantly in 2015 when the liability shifts occurred in October by the credit card companies.
Use of "Contactless" smart cards in transport has also grown through the use of low cost chips NXP Mifare Ultralight and paper/card/PET rather than PVC. This has reduced media cost so it can be used for low cost tickets and short term transport passes (up to 1 year typically). The cost is typically 10% that of a PVC smart card with larger memory. They are distributed through vending machines, ticket offices and agents. Use of paper/PET is less harmful to the environment than traditional PVC cards.
Complex Cards are smart cards that conform to the ISO/IEC 7810 standard and include components in addition to those found in traditional single chip smart cards. Complex Cards were invented by Cyril Lalo and Philippe Guillaud in 1999 when they designed a chip smart card with additional components, building upon the initial concept consisting of using audio frequencies to transmit data patented by Alain Bernard.[20] The first Complex Card prototype was developed collaboratively by Cyril Lalo and Philippe Guillaud, who were working at AudioSmartCard[21] at the time, and Henri Boccia and Philippe Patrice, who were working at Gemplus. It was ISO 7810-compliant and included a battery, a piezoelectric buzzer, a button, and delivered audio functions, all within a 0.84mm thickness card.
The Complex Card pilot, developed by AudioSmartCard, was launched in 2002 by Crédit Lyonnais, a French financial institution. This pilot featured acoustic tones as a means of authentication. Although Complex Cards were developed since the inception of the smart card industry, they only reached maturity after 2010.
Complex Cards support all communication protocols present on regular smart cards: contact, thanks to a contact pad as defined ISO/IEC 7816 standard, contactless following the ISO/IEC 14443 standard, and magstripe.
Second generation Complex Cards feature a battery-free design. These cards harvest the necessary power from external sources; for example when the card interacts in a contact or contactless fashion with a payment system or an NFC-enabled smartphone. The use of a bistable display in the card design ensures that the screen remains legible even when the Complex Card is unconnected to the power source. 2ff7e9595c
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